AI chatbots can provide emotional support and guidance to teenagers, they also pose significant risks to healthy social and emotional development if used as substitutes for human relationships. Published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, the study notes that many teenagers are increasingly turning to AI tools such as ChatGPT, Claude, Replika, and Character.AI for advice on friendships, family conflicts, and romantic relationships. Researchers argue that these tools have potential benefits but require stronger safeguards to protect young users.
The researchers identify two major concerns. The first is "relational displacement," where teenagers rely on AI instead of talking to friends, family members, or trusted adults. Adolescence is a critical period for developing skills such as emotional regulation, conflict resolution, empathy, and boundary-setting, and avoiding real-life social interactions may limit opportunities to build these essential relationship skills.
The second concern is "maladaptive relational learning." Because AI companions often respond instantly, validate users' feelings, and rarely challenge them, teenagers may develop unrealistic expectations about human relationships. Unlike people, AI is designed to be consistently agreeable, which can reduce exposure to disagreement, compromise, and other experiences that are essential for emotional maturity. Researchers also note that many teens view AI companionship as increasingly unavoidable, highlighting the need for better safety features and age-appropriate design.
The study concludes that AI should complement—not replace—human relationships. The authors recommend stronger governance, youth-focused safeguards, and AI systems designed to encourage real-world social interaction rather than prolonged dependence on chatbots. As AI companions become more common, ensuring they support healthy adolescent development while preserving opportunities for genuine human connection will be essential for parents, educators, policymakers, and technology companies.
